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IF THE PLACEMENT
1) draft bill on reform of the professional.
The National Bar Council will review after 70 years, access to the profession, and affirms that it will make it more uniform evaluation of the candidates, followed in a training program developed in close collaboration with the University. Assumes a pre-test information for input to the entry in the register of practitioners, for the training period reproduces the known compound of practice, in addition to a contextual compulsory attendance di corsi di formazione di almeno 250 ore complessive di formazione; per l’esame di stato -da sostenersi nella sede di Corte d’appello nel cui distretto il praticante ha svolto il maggior periodo di tirocinio- prevede una prova scritta ed una orale. Al momento tutto giace al senato con emendamenti di centro destra e centro sinistra che fanno dubitare della realizzazione di una imminente riforma.
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2) Il tirocinio: pars destruens.
Per assicurare un tirocinio efficace ai giovani laureati in giurisprudenza che intendono iniziare la professione di avvocato nei Tribunali, si devono prevedere delle trasformazioni profonde ed incisive e tuttavia sufficientemente semplici nella loro attuazione.
Prima di illustrare le linee nelle which must play the training of lawyers, not only aspiring to attend the courts, but also be able to establish her own law office or take part in studies already undertaken, we must specify what the training can not be identified.
a) The training can not be managed solely by the boards in-order, b) the graduate schools of 24 months should be excluded because of their low productivity, c) a fortiori it must deny the superstructure consists of a CNF with regulatory powers. * * *

3) Comments.
reform of the professional need felt by all. Without spending in difficult words that describe the landscape, while a molti avvocati spetta mantenere la conquistata professione, che ha sopperito spesso alla mancanza di impresa e di lavoro in genere, ai giovani laureandi o laureati che vogliano accedere alla professione si propongono, con inversione di tendenza, il superamento di nuove barriere.
In questo contesto alcuni hanno immaginato di rendere la professione di rilievo costituzionale, al pari ed al fianco dei poteri cardine della civiltà civile. Ma questo stona con le nuove norme di accesso alla professione e, più in particolare, con il nuovo tirocinio dell'avvocato, che prepara un potenziale burocrate, legato alla inefficiente macchina, degli ordini ed universitaria italiana.
Macchina universitaria dalla quale sono nate riviste giuridiche sovvenzionate and inspired a new contract for cross-border relations, the right of communities, the deepening of untyped damage that then became due to case law, since it matters only ever be an abstract point of view. The same magazine, in hindsight, are the emblem of entire scientific committee from the departments of universities moltiplicatisi beyond measure, as well as teaching and research doctorates, linked to baronies and nepotism.
Italian law, for its part, debased by the many reforms to fall, with new single texts, new supervisors monitoranti privacy and competition, which created a legal elephantiasis, reflects this new reform, che intende soprattutto conservare lo status quo. (cfr. artt. 40 e 41 progetti di legge 601 e congiunti su riforma OPF).
Manca l'idea di una formazione empirica, legata all'esercizio della professione nello stile antica dialettica o retorica, che pure torna nella didattica di alcuni atenei stranieri, perché esempi di insegnamento, ed esercizio scientifico-pratico, della professione di avvocato.
Soprattutto, anziché riconsiderare la necessità di snellire la preparazione dell'avvocato che sarà chiamato a conoscere e praticare nella UE una lingua diversa da quella del proprio paese di origine, e forse un diritto non scritto, se ne appesantisce lo sforzo, proponendosi la continuazione di studi universitari, notoriamente molto distanti dalla pratica forense e dall'esercizio della professione.
Il tirocinio, in estrema sintesi, è consegnato ancora alle università (cfr. art. 41 d.d.l. n. 601 e congiunti su riforma OPF) e ai consigli dell'Ordine, dimenticandosi chi sia il vero interlocutore dell'avvocato: il giudice e il mercato.
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PROPOSTA
4) Uditorato: pars costruens.
Illustrata la pars destruens, e prima di costruire il modello alternativo, viene fatto osservare che anche nelle forme incomplete in cui si è manifestata l’influenza degli Ordini e la pretesa potestà regolamentare del CNF, è serpeggiato ed oggi si è manifestato in forme sempre più decise e precise, il malcontento dei young lawyers.
Because the problem of training as other problems of category is particularly relevant stakeholders before the hierarchy of orders, the CNF and universities.
The new model can be so succinctly outlined. Six months of
audience at the Tribunals and Courts of Appeals. Few data can explain what may be to the audience, the young lawyers in how long it should implement, how much space can be given to young lawyers in the courts. Italian lawyers, working full time or part time, or even occasionally, when margins are not quite up to 230,000, the judges, wholesale, are 8,000. E’ chiaro che il rapporto non è tra l’intero corpo degli avvocati e dei giudici. In realtà si presentano annualmente per tirocinarsi presumibilmente 6.000 avvocati l’anno (dato da accertare). Degli 8.000 giudici una parte cospicua è oggi addetta in altre funzioni presso i ministeri e talvolta nella politica o in compiti speciali. Si può assumere che circa 6.000 possano far parte dell’organico monocratico o collegiale. Ogni giudice mediamente, allo stato attuale, ha 3 udienze settimanali, per un totale di 12 udienze mensili. In totale per i 6.000 giudici, si tengono mensilmente 6.000x12=72.000 udienze mensili. Supponendo che i 6.000 giudici possano dedicare solo una udienza su tre, il totale delle udienze per avvocati uditori is reduced to 72,000 / 3 = 24,000. Interviews with 24,000 in 6000 would allow trainees to be present in court for all the hours of hearing of a court, once a week. The audience is very different from a generic specification, to be carried out by university-type courses, mere repetition of much more demanding tests, the absence of an examination of the trainee who has at least the seriousness of a university exam. Turning to the courts what we see is insufficiently profitable presence of lawyers sent by other lawyers, to earn a signature presence in this or that audience. In the model predicted, the trainee, by contrast, sits with dignity in front of the judge and where the next is as pure Anglicist. You may provide signatures given to a computer and out to the trainee that will undoubtedly also benefit from some rest, but always under the paternal supervision of the courts that somehow takes care of him. To complete does not exclude, but rather, we want to confirm that the aspiring trainee continues to play the complementary role of presence in another day or another day in court hearings on behalf of a lawyer Dominus. Finally at the end of the training we will certainly also an oral exam at the councils met in special commissions.
This model is unlike the previous harmonic and does not rely solely on the advice of a supervision abstract Advocates of CNF, the universities, but instead uses them to resort to an internship in fact made especially living if only for one day a week, and for six months, the life of the court, beginning to understand where it is decided according to law. * * *

5) deliberate ANF. Anf
acted as the national council voted 26 to 27 September, defends the opportunity for the trainee to perform the activity on its own behalf, and to maintain the same, the incompatibility provided to the lawyer. He rejects the idea that it might become compulsory attendance of schools of specialization from university.
also proposes to the trainee a training period of up to 18 mesi da potersi svolgere già durante la preparazione universitaria, in ogni caso suddividendo i 18 mesi in: 1) uditorato semestrale presso le magistrature di primo e secondo grado; 2) un semestre presso uno studio legale italiano o straniero; 3) ed un semestre per discutere un caso pratico dinanzi alle autorità giudiziarie o quelle “delegate” ai consigli dell'ordine.
ARTICOLO
TITOLO II
IL TIROCINIO PROFESSIONALE
Art. 40
(Contenuti e modalità di svolgimento)
1. Il tirocinio professionale consiste nell'addestramento, a contenuto teorico e pratico, del praticante avvocato PER FARGLI conseguire le capacità OCCORRENTI per 1'esercizio della professione di avvocato e per la gestione di uno studio legale, NEL RISPETTO DELL’ETICA E DELLA DEONTOLOGIA.
2. Presso il consiglio dell'ordine è tenuto il registro dei praticanti avvocati, l'iscrizione al quale è condizione per lo svolgimento del tirocinio professionale.
Ai fini dell'iscrizione nel registro dei praticanti è necessario il superamento di una prova (40.2) di ingresso, da svolgersi periodicamente (40.3 testo 2) con modalità informatiche presso ciascun consiglio dell'ordine, (40.4) tendente ad accertare la preparazione di base del candidato sui princìpi generali degli ordinamenti e sugli (40.5) istituti giuridici fondamentali. La prova d'ingresso si svolge almeno ogni quattro mesi. (40.3 testo 2) (La prova repealed)
3. The test (40.2) input is governed by regulations issued by the CNF, which are determined by the characteristics of the questions, methods for assigning the same candidates, the scoring, the characteristics of information systems and all that regards the implementation and correction of the test. The aspiring trainee lawyer is allowed to take the test (40.2) input at the local court in whose district he resides (40.6). For the purpose of the test information and the correction of the same is established for a term not exceeding two years, at each place of the district, (40.6) special committee, composed of lawyers, judges and academics. (The proof repealed)
4. For inclusion in the register of practicing lawyers and the cancellation of the same shall apply mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 15.
5. The apprenticeship is incompatible with any public or private employment relationship, (40 200) with the performance of other professional training and the exercise of business activities, the trainee lawyer apply, even the system of incompatibilities and exceptions provided to the lawyer in Articles 16 and 17.
6. The training is carried out under continuous review twenty-four months to eighteen months, and its interruption for more than six months, without justification, involves the removal from the register of practitioners, except for permission to apply for re-registration, which can be decided upon further review by the Bar Council as to whether the requirements of this law.
7. The internship can be done:
a) with an attorney, which has a length of enrollment in at least five years;
b) at the State Attorney's legal department or public body or at a judicial office for not more than twelve months (40.11 text 2);
c) not more than six months in another EU country at legal professionals, which have a title equivalent to that of a lawyer, AND THAT HAS admitted to practice.
8. The lawyer is required to ensure that the training is conducted in a dignified and fruitful for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1, so there may be in the running for more than three (40.12) practitioners at the same time, subject to authorization by the competent council and following an assessment of the applicant's professional and organization of his study.
9. Professional training does not lead to the establishment of employment relationship even occasionally.
10. In the period of the traineeship, the trainee lawyer, one year after being registered practitioners, be entitled IN HIS NAME professional only in place of the lawyer who plays in practice and not under the control and responsibility, in civil before the Court and justices of the peace, and in criminal law, in proceedings under the rules in force before the entry into force of Legislative Decree 19 February 1998 51 (40.20) fell within the jurisdiction of the Magistrate. Approval of the resolution to begin recording in the register, it may take up to five years, provided they remain all the requirements for registration, and shall automatically terminate at the end of the fifth year after inclusion. (40.19)
11. The CNF discipline con regolamento:
a) le modalità di svolgimento del tirocinio e le relative procedure di controllo da parte del competente consiglio dell'ordine;
b) le ipotesi che giustificano l'interruzione del tirocinio, tenuto conto di situazioni riferibili all'età, alla salute, alla maternità e paternità del praticante avvocato, e le relative procedure di accertamento;
c) le condizioni e le modalità di svolgimento del tirocinio in altro paese dell'Unione europea. (Potestà regolamentare abrogata)
12. Il praticante può, per giustificato motivo, trasferire la propria iscrizione presso l'ordine del luogo ove intenda proseguire il tirocinio. Il consiglio dell'ordine VALUTATI I MOTIVI CHE LO GIUSTIFICANO authorizing the transfer and issue a certificate specifying the period of training that is regularly appears.
Article 40-bis.
(disciplinary rules for practitioners)
1. Practitioners observe the same obligations and rules of professional conduct of lawyers and are subject to the disciplinary powers of the Bar Council. (40.0.1 text 2)
Article 41 (to be repealed)
(Training courses, access to the profession of lawyer)
1. The internship, as well as in practice carried out in a professional studio, is also in the compulsory attendance and profit, for a period of not less than twenty-four months of vocational training courses run by orders and bar associations, as well as other subjects required by law.
2. The CNF issue a regulation under Article 27, paragraph 1, letter c):
a) the terms and conditions for the establishment of the training courses referred to in paragraph 1 by the orders and bar associations deemed appropriate , so as to ensure freedom and pluralism of the training and on individual choice;
b) the educational content of training courses so as to include, as essential to the teaching of legal language, the drafting of documents judicial technique impugnatoria of judicial decisions and administrative acts, the technique of preparation of the court opinion and technology research;
c) the minimum duration of training courses, providing a teaching load of not less than one hundred sixty hours for the entire biennium;
d) the terms and conditions for attending training courses and by practicing lawyer those for the midterm and final profits, which are entrusted to a committee of lawyers, judges and academics, to ensure uniformity of opinion throughout the country.

art.41-bis (Frequency courts)
1. The activity of apprenticeship in the courts is governed by specific rules to be issued within one year from date of entry into force of this legge, dal Ministro della giustizia, sentito il Consiglio superiore della magistratura e il CNF (41.0.1 testo 2)
ART 41 – TER
(TIROCINIO IN FORMA DI UDITORATO)
1. IL TIROCINANTE EFFETTUA, PER UN PERIODO DI SEI MESI, L’UDITORATO PRESSO L’AUTORITÀ GIUDIZIARIA, NEI TRIBUNALI E NELLE CORTI DI APPELLO, CIVILI E PENALI, DEL DISTRETTO PRESSO IL QUALE È ISCRITTO NEL REGISTRO PRATICANTI.
2. IL NUMERO DI UDIENZE ALLE QUALI PARTECIPA IL TIROCINANTE NON PUÒ ESSERE INFERIORE A 50, PER UNA FREQUENZA DEI TRIBUNALI ALMENO DI DUE VOLTE A SETTIMANA. I CONSIGLI DELL’ORDINE UNITAMENTE ALL’AUTORITÀ GIUDIZIARIA, CURANO IL REGISTRO DELLE PRESENZE E LE FIRME IN ENTRATA ED USCITA PER L’ESERCIZIO Audience.
3. SAME TIME, THAT IS ALWAYS A TOTAL OF NOT LESS THAN SIX MONTHS TO PRACTICE AT A LAW FIRM, the trainee can continue to play PRACTICE FROM A LAWYER PRESENT AT THE HEARING ON BEHALF OF THE SAME.
4. TRAINING DONE AT THE END OF THE AUTHORITY 'IN JUDICIAL TERM OF SIX MONTHS, AND MANY HELD AT THE CHOSEN DOMINUS, the trainee will discuss a case in writing and orally at a designated committee chaired by a judge, and two lawyers, OR THREE LAWYERS , MEMBERS OF THE ORDER OR BY THE DELEGATES.

Article 42 (Certificate of completed apprenticeship)
1. The Bar Council at which è compiuto il biennio di tirocinio rilascia il relativo certificato che consente di partecipare alla prova di preselezione informatica per l'ammissione all'esame di Stato per le tre sessioni immediatamente successive, FATTO salvo il diritto di ripetere il biennio di tirocinio PER CONSEGUIRE un nuovo certificato di compiuta pratica. Si considera come sostenuta la sessione nella quale il candidato abbia consegnato l'elaborato della prova scritta.
2. In caso di domanda di trasferimento del praticante avvocato presso il registro tenuto da altro consiglio dell'ordine, IL REGISTRO di provenienza certifica la durata del tirocinio svolto fino alla data di presentazione della domanda e, ove il prescritto periodo di tirocinio risulti completato, rilascia il certificato di compiuto tirocinio.
3. Il praticante avvocato è ammesso a sostenere l'esame di Stato nella sede di Corte di appello nel cui distretto ha svolto IL PERIODO PIÙ LUNGO di tirocinio; nell'ipotesi in cui il tirocinio sia stato svolto per periodi DI UGUALE LUNGHEZZA sotto la vigilanza di più consigli dell'ordine aventi sede in distretti diversi, la sede di esame SI DETERMINA in base al luogo di svolgimento del periodo di tirocinio EFFETTUATO PER PRIMO.
30.11.2009
Maria Giovanna Villari

Special Friend Wedding

TRAINING CLASS ACTION


CASO
La Class action è l’azione collettiva risarcitoria posta a tutela di consumatori o utenti riuniti in un’associazione o un comitato che promuove un giudizio richiedendo la pronuncia su casi comuni ad altri individui, che accerti e risarcisca i danni patiti.
Nata con la l. n. 244 del 24 dicembre 2007, è stata oggetto di modifica con l. n. 99 del 23 luglio 2009 che ha riformato l'articolo 140-bis del codice del consumo, d. lgs. 6 settembre 2005, n. 206.
L’azione collettiva risarcitoria nasce sotto un governo di centro sinistra in occasione della votazione della legge finanziaria, quando -piccolo aneddoto- un parlamentare dell’opposizione, in mancanza dei numeri della maggioranza per approvarne la legge, pigia per errore il pulsante di votazione determinate l’approvazione.
Fatta la premessa storica, e senza dilungarci sulle peculiarità dell’allora neo-istituto, essendo stato oggi massicciamente trasformato, osserviamo che l’azione collettiva presenta forti caratteri comparati con il diritto anglosassone; di qui critiche e perplessità attuali, per essere il nostro diritto scritto, e quello “comune” incentrato soprattutto su casi e precedenti.
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Le novità, fanno ragionare sulla questione più significativa della normativa: quella dell’aspetto processuale e della legittimazione attiva. La legittimazione, infatti, è stata ampliata, pur presentando l’istituto ancora luci ed ombre, la cui portata potrà essere superata solo con l’entrata in vigore della legge e l’effettivo ricorso alla stessa, come previsto per January 1, 2010. The
practices and practical use of the institute will provide the opportunity to judge the goodness of the Cold legislation, subject, of course, the comments below proposals. * * *

bring proceedings: Association and committees. Article 1, paragraph 1, l. 99/09.
Novell has included among the entities that may use the class action committees, in the first book of the Civil Code. The amendment is considered particularly timely because the committees, with their character of spontaneity, they can handle immediate issues that relate to companies that have marketed defective products or created contracts with general conditions of contract unconscionable, or, given rise to cartel operations.
As presented the legislation, even for this extension of identity, the lawyer, even before the practice can determine the success or failure of the institution, considering how the associations and committees will be assessed by the court.
be noted in this regard to the repeal of the first draft of the rule which had reported the remedies of the associations and committees of national importance, while the more general expression [each member of the class] ... [can act ...] also through associations or committees whose mandates involving "reaches out to reality of the national territory is of high population density, at the centers of small size.
However it is still not clear how to reconcile the assessment of judgmental ability and fitness of the applicant to appeal the action.
The rule on this point is unclear and raises doubts on the excessive judicial power in assessing the admissibility of the action.
said explicitly, it is considered that we should allow the courts the opportunity to assess whether, in the circumstances which occurred, or not to recognize the goodness of the class action, but overall positive assessment of some plurisoggettiva asking, like the individual single , protection court. More
also decided, the legislature could be among the legitimate action nell'annoverare depositors, investors or financial products, which represent the last decade, most social groups that may use the institute to see accepted their demands for compensation against a "creative finance" of contracts between investors and intermediaries of financial products (think of the so-called "junk bonds").
Especially in these groups is the opportunity to experiment with the class action, simply by adhering to not accept transactions humiliating proposals by consumer groups that have collected in the past micro grants "multiplied by 1000, without completing forms for compensation, restitution or compensation for damage suffered.
Protection. Article 1, paragraph 2 °. With our local law
technique identifies the present case the legislature protectable offensive award with a class action, which are: a) the contractual rights of a number of consumers or users (including completed forms or forms through -1341, 1342 - a plurality of consumers users and b) the identical rights of the consumer end of a product against its manufacturer, c) claims arising from unfair trade practices or anti-competitive conduct.
On this point we do not express special reserves, except imagine challenged in a class action for environmental or health issues. Notwithstanding the well-known introduction of a class action in the public () L. 04/03/2009 No 15, which allows associations and committees to act against the public administration.
Membership. Article 1, paragraph 3 °.
Collective action focuses on the accession, including contracts for accession (art. 1333 cc) in turn containing a public offer (Article 1989 Civil Code). From this vantage point the city, in accepting the offer and in the 'stick to the contract, is involved in an existing action, without prejudice to the power-otherwise- to act independently.
In this case, the court will not, or will have, a power sindacabilità excessive because it will determine whether the individual to bring proceedings before a "singularity"-in this case without prejudice to-wider powers or association level, more type commonly known as "consortium".
The requirement that it should be noted, conforming to the principles of law, Art. 2943 cc and 2945, the date of notification of the application and also from the deposit its instrument of accession.
Question. Article 1, paragraph 4 and 5th.
The request shall be made to ordinary courts established in the capital of the region in which the company, and plans with a summons.
will strike the glaring exceptions to the principles laid down in Articles. 163 et seq. CPC referred to in paragraph 6 of the reformed 140 bis which are analyzed below. Eligibility
demand; dedicated procedural rules; comparison with the art. 163 et seq. Article 1, paragraph 6 th CPC. In paragraph 6 °
note the striking innovations of the proceedings. Are those that, while cases of invalidity and citation-renewal of the class action being challenged in the form of a summons are well-expressed: "The application shall be declared inadmissible, when it is manifestly unfounded, and when there is a conflict of interest; or if the judge does not see the identity of individual rights protection under subparagraph or where the applicant does not appear able to adequately treat the interest of the class.
These limitations can lead to barriers to small and medium sized law firms, they can apply to the institute, especially if the assessment of the tolerability of action is poorly circumscribed, as in the legislation, which refers to a potential offeror "can not to treat adequately the interests of the class. "
Reclamabilità. Article 1, paragraph 7 °.
Consistent with the principles of law, order reclamabilità (for acceptance or rejection of the action) in the Court of Appeal, in the forty days of the filing of the appeal, although we note that the legislature, by clerical error, it should have more correctly redefine summons, rather than action.
expenses and advertising. Article 1, paragraph 8 and 9th.
are believed to be potentially costly and it is not clear who should be set against the cost of advertising. Its cost makes us imagine the acquisition of pages of newspapers, or other expensive contrary to the spirit of the rule, which is to protect consumers and users in the first instance or with membership and "no ministry of defense counsel" want to join action already filed.
Once again we see the excessive discretion of the judges that evaluates and decides by order "the basis on which those seeking membership are included in the class or to be considered excluded from the action."
We note with reference to advertising, the affinity of the same with the existing public notification for claims, which include the burden of expenditure borne by the proposer. (Article 150 CCP)
Exclusion of the intervention of a third. Article 1, section 10 °.
The exclusion of the right to intervene under Code of Civil Procedure 105, is justified by the law of accession.
Equitable, effective and calls for process management. Article 1, paragraph 11 percent.
The words of the paragraph in question follows the scheduling process in the recent reform Code of ritual. The question
express doubts and reservations as the scheduling freedom since the 1996 reform, a prerogative of the Court which handles the role with complete autonomy and without being exposed to pressures or instructions from advocacy.
hope in this sense, the recognition of the need for scheduling, but as a constraint on the court, thus forced to respect the chronological order of those questions goes without saying, the resulting schedule of terms and length of the proceedings.
Acceptance of the application. Article 1 Section 12 degrees.
Extended powers of courts even in setting the criteria for compensation. The proof is in compliance with Article 1226 cc and the power to decide on an equitable basis.
begin to scale back after the garish excesses that we have lived for decades, the discretion of the judge, whose power of deciding it did appear legibus solutus, when in fact he is also held to a fair assessment of damages and prejudices suffered , realized in analogy with the practice in respect of both the common law courts as precedents.
In this regard it should be noted favorable, the enforceability of the award, within 180 days after its enactment.
be rejected in full voice last-scandal side of Section 12 ° which frees the government from the right of the interest earned.
Safe Deposit and execution of the amounts. Article 1, section 13 °.
The provisional execution of the decision at first instance stands up on appeal, because the Court of Appeal [can] be made until the court decision becomes final step, the total sum owed by the debtor is filed and remains bound in the manner deemed most appropriate .
Ne bis in idem and reinstatement. Article 1, section 14 °.
yet common sense, which meets the procedural principles, the 14th paragraph to the extent that the non bis in idem rule and the order of reinstatement if the court deems the alleged and adverse rulings of the rite.
Subject to the rights of third parties. Article 1, paragraph 15 degrees.
Cancellations and transactions taking tra le parti non pregiudicano i diritti degli aderenti che non vi hanno espressamente consentito, facendo salvi tali diritti anche nei casi di estinzione del giudizio o di chiusura anticipata del processo.
Retroattività. Art 2.
Non è prevista la retroattività della legge, prendendosi atto che per alcune fattispecie attinenti il passato le associazioni di difesa dei consumatori hanno espresso vistose critiche e riserve vistose.
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E’ fuor di dubbio che la Class Action sia l’istituto di azione collettiva (ma non collettivista) che il nostro ordinamento non poteva ignorare, siccome suggerito, diremo imposto, da una direttiva comunitaria.
Soprattutto volto a superare i problemi della giustizia, now submerged in civil actions, which often have the same relief sought by or cause of action and differ only in individuals who have operated.
PQM many images and memories that are of the same preparation and the proper and indispensable, is the idea of \u200b\u200bestablishing procedural instruments aimed at overcoming the flooding of sections of our civil courts from litigation of a similar nature.
The procedures now repealed the corporate process were reported Collegiate repetitive hearings, which were analyzed by too many cases like those of Argentine bonds or bond Cirio, then closed with acceptance of applications, in a substantial and unnecessary complicating the work of judges. In particular,
indicates Directive 98/27/EC of 19 May 1998 on injunctions for the protection of consumer interests.
MOTION
From roundup proposed and evaluated for many of the principles of the legislation it is proposed that the excessive discretion of the court in assessing the adequacy of those experiences the action; to decide on an equitable basis, the freeze on production of interests. (Paragraphs 6 °, 11 ° and 12 °).
suggest in this regard to bring the class action litigation by the principles laid down in Article 163 et seq. Code of Civil Procedure, holding that pretext of the recklessness and corresponding thereto, can be assessed with processualcivilistiche existing rules.
ARTICLE
proposals for amendment of Article 1 Sections 6 °, 11 ° and 12 °

paragraph 6 °
outcome of the first hearing, the tribunal shall decide by order on the admissibility of the application, but may stay the proceedings when the facts relevant to the decision is pending before an independent inquiry or a trial before an administrative court. The application shall be declared inadmissible, when it is manifestly unfounded, and when there is a conflict of interest or if the judge does not see the identity of individual rights protection under subparagraph or where the applicant does not is able to treat adequately the interests of the class.

subparagraph 11 °
By the order admitting the action with the court shall also determine the course of the proceedings, in compliance with the adversarial, equitable, effective and calls for process management, with strict deadlines well against him. With the same or subsequent order, modified or revoked at any time, the court shall prescribe the measures to avoid undue repetition or complication in the presentation of evidence or arguments, documents the share of advertising deemed necessary to protect members; rule in a way that evidence it deems most appropriate education and discipline all other matters of ritual, omitted any formalities not essential to be heard.


Clause 12 °
whether to grant the application, the court pronounced sentence in which liquid, in accordance with Article 1226 of the Civil Code, the final amounts due to those who have joined the action or adding the requirement of uniform calculation for the settlement of such sums. In case of acceptance of a class action brought against the operators of public services or utilities, the court takes into account the recognized benefit of users and consumers damaged in its service charter if enacted. The sentence becomes enforceable expiration of one hundred and eighty days of publication. Payments of amounts due during that period are exempt from all rights and increase and accessories for law accrued after the publication of the sentence.

Article 140-bis of the Consumer Code, referred to in Legislative Decree 6 September 2005, No 206, reads as follows: paragraph 1
homogeneous individual rights of consumers and users referred to in paragraph 2 are also protected through the class action, in accordance with the provisions of this Article. To this end, each member of the class, including through associations or committees whose mandates which it participates, to act on the question of liability for costs and to pay damages and refunds.
paragraph 2 Action Protection
a) the contractual rights of una pluralità di consumatori e utenti che versano nei confronti di una stessa impresa in situazione identica, inclusi i diritti relativi a contratti stipulati ai sensi degli articoli 1341 e 1342 del codice civile;b) i diritti identici spettanti ai consumatori finali di un determinato prodotto nei confronti del relativo produttore, anche a prescindere da un diretto rapporto contrattuale; c) i diritti identici al ristoro del pregiudizio derivante agli stessi consumatori e utenti da pratiche commerciali scorrette o da comportamenti anticoncorrenziali.
comma 3 Adesione
I consumatori e utenti che intendono avvalersi della tutela di cui al presente articolo aderiscono all'azione di classe, senza ministero di difensore. L'adesione comporta rinuncia a ogni azione individual compensation or restitution based on the same basis, except as provided in paragraph 15. The instrument of accession, which, in addition to the election of domicile, the name of the constituent elements of the law relied on the documentary evidence, shall be deposited at the Court, including by the plaintiff, within the period referred to in paragraph 9, b). The effects of limitations under Articles 2943 and 2945 of the Civil Code of notification of the application and, for those who joined later, by depositing its instrument of accession.

paragraph 4 Application The application is brought to the court established in the ordinary capital of the region in which the company, but for the Valle d'Aosta the competent court of Turin, Trentino-Alto Adige and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the competent court in Venice, the Marches, Umbria, Abruzzo and Molise, the competent court of Rome and the Basilicata and Calabria, the competent court of Naples. The court handling the case in a panel.
paragraph 5 The application seeks a writ of summons also notified the prosecutor's office at the court hearing, which may intervene only to admissibility.
paragraph 6 of the application eligibility
outcome of the first hearing, the tribunal shall decide by order on the admissibility of the application, but may stay the proceedings when the facts relevant to the decision is pending before an independent inquiry or a trial before an administrative court. The application shall be declared inadmissible, when it is manifestly unfounded, and when there is a conflict of interest or if the judge does not see the identity of individual rights protection under subparagraph or where the applicant is not able to treat adequately the interests of class. The order in paragraph 7

order on the eligibility claim before the court of appeal within a period of thirty days from the communication or notification, whichever is earlier. On complaint, the appeals court decides by order in closed session not later than forty days from the filing of the appeal. The complaint does not suspend the eligibility of the order in court proceedings.
expenses in paragraph 8, and 96 advertising cpc
By the order of the ineligibility, the court rule costs, even under Article 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and order the most appropriate advertising at the expense of the losing party.
paragraph 9 locus
By the order in which the court admits the action sets the terms and conditions for the most appropriate advertising, for the timely accession of belonging to the class. The execution of advertising is a condition of admissibility of the application. With the same order of the court:
a) defines the character of individual rights covered by the court, specifying the criteria according to which those seeking membership are included in the class or to be considered excluded from the action, b) establishes a mandatory, not more than one hundred twenty days after the expiry of that for the execution of advertising, by which acts of accession, even by the applicant, shall be deposited at the Registry. Copies of the order is transmitted by the clerk at the Ministry of economic development that takes care of other forms of advertising, including the publication on its website. Clause 10
exclusion action under Article 105 cpc
intervention is excluded di terzi ai sensi dell'articolo 105 del codice di procedura civile.
comma 11 determinazione corso procedura
Con l'ordinanza con cui ammette l'azione il tribunale determina altresì il corso della procedura assicurando, nel rispetto del contraddittorio, l'equa, efficace e sollecita gestione del processo. Con la stessa o con successiva ordinanza, modificabile o revocabile in ogni tempo, il tribunale prescrive le misure atte a evitare indebite ripetizioni o complicazioni nella presentazione di prove o argomenti; onera le parti della pubblicità ritenuta necessaria a tutela degli aderenti; regola nel modo che ritiene più opportuno l'istruzione probatoria e disciplina ogni altra questione di rito, omessa ogni formalità non essenziale al contraddittorio.
comma 12 accoglimento domanda
Se accoglie la domanda, il tribunale pronuncia sentenza di condanna con cui liquida, ai sensi dell'articolo 1226 del codice civile, le somme definitive dovute a coloro che hanno aderito all'azione o stabilisce il criterio omogeneo di calcolo per la liquidazione di dette somme. In caso di accoglimento di un'azione di classe proposta nei confronti di gestori di servizi pubblici o di pubblica utilità, il tribunale tiene conto di quanto riconosciuto in favore degli utenti e dei consumatori danneggiati nelle relative carte dei servizi eventualmente emanate. La sentenza diviene esecutiva decorsi centottanta giorni dalla pubblicazione. I pagamenti delle somme dovute effettuati durante tale periodo sono esenti da ogni diritto e incremento, anche per gli accessori di legge maturati dopo la pubblicazione della sentenza.
comma 13 corte d'appello
La corte d'appello, richiesta dei provvedimenti di cui all'articolo 283 del codice di procedura civile, tiene altresì conto dell'entità complessiva della somma gravante sul debitore, del numero dei creditori, nonchè delle connesse difficoltà di ripetizione in caso di accoglimento del gravame. La corte può comunque disporre che, fino al passaggio in giudicato della sentenza, la somma complessivamente dovuta dal debitore sia depositata e resti vincolata nelle forme ritenute più opportune.
comma 14 sentenza
La sentenza che definisce il giudizio fa stato anche nei confronti degli members. It is subject to the individual action of those who do not adhere to collective action. Are no proposed additional class actions for the same fact and against the same company after the closing date for membership awarded by the court under paragraph 9. Those proposals are met within that period of office if pending before the same court, otherwise the second court ordered the case be removed from the register, giving a deadline of not more than sixty days to be reinstated before the first judge.
paragraph 15 erga omnes ineffectiveness of renunciation and the renunciation
transactions and transactions between the parties to be without prejudice to the rights of members that there expressly permitted. The same rights shall remain unaffected even in cases of termination of proceedings or early closure of the process. "
The provisions of Article 140-bis of Consumer Code, referred to in Legislative Decree 6 September 2005, No 206, as substituted by paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply to unlawful conduct after the entry into force of this Act
22.12.2009
Maria Giovanna Villari